La Insuficiencia Cardiaca (ICC) ocurre cuando el músculo cardíaco no es suficientemente efectivo en su función de bombear sangre para satisfacer la demanda del organismo. Ciertas condiciones, como el estrechamiento de las arterias coronarias (Enfermedad coronaria) o la presión alta crónica (hipertensión), dejan al corazón gradualmente débil o muy rígido para llenarse y vaciarse en forma eficiente.
No todas las condiciones que llevan a la Insuficiencia Cardíaca son reversibles, pero los tratamientos pueden mejorar los signos y/o síntomas de la enfermedad como también ayudan a prolongar la sobrevida. Por ejemplo, hacer ejercicio físico, manejar adecuadamente el estrés, reducir el consumo de sal en la dieta y bajar de peso pueden mejorar sustancialmente la calidad de vida. Lo síntomas y signos de Insuficiencia cardíaca (ICC) más frecuentes son:
- Falta de aire (disnea) con mínimos esfuerzo e incluso en reposo.
- Fatiga y debilidad.
- Hinchazón (edema) en piernas, tobillos y pies.
- Latidos cardíacos rápidos e irregulares.
- Dificultad para hacer esfuerzo/ejercitar.
- Tos persistente o sibilancias asociadas a flema color blanquecina o rosada.
- Mayor necesidad de orinar por la noche que en el día. (nicturia)
- Hinchazón del abdomen. (ascitis)
- Aumento de peso repentino por retención de fluidos.
- Falta de apetito y náuseas.
- Dificultad para concentrarse y mantenerse alerta.
- Súbita y severa falta de aire con tos con mucosidad espumosa rosada.
- Dolor de pecho cuando la ICC es causada por ataque cardíaco. (infarto agudo de miocardio)
La ICC puede ser progresiva (crónica), o puede comenzar súbitamente (aguda). Para prevenir la aparición de la Insuficiencia Cardíaca se deben de controlar las condiciones que la causan, cómo la enfermedad coronaria, la hipertensión, diabetes y obesidad.
Dr. Andrés S. Kohan
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