Hasta hace no mucho tiempo se consideraba que las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) afectaban solo a los hombres, y como consecuencia de esto, las mujeres recibían menos atención, se realizaba menos concientización y estudios de control. Por lo tanto, el diagnóstico llegaba tarde y el pronóstico muchas veces era peor.
Ahora sabemos que la ECV es la principal causa de muerte en las mujeres, por lo que cobra real importancia la información y prevención sobre éstas.
Con algunos cambios de hábitos sostenibles en el tiempo, es posible cuidar la salud del corazón. Aquí presentamos 6 formas simples de hacerlo.
6 RECOMENDACIONES PARA CUIDAR TU CORAZÓN
1. Mantene una alimentación saludable
Tratá de mantener una alimentación variada, incluyendo
pescados, carnes magras, frutos secos, semillas, aceites de oliva, lácteos descremados, frutas, verduras, legumbres, y cereales integrales.
Recuerda disminuir las grasas de origen animal (carnes grasas, embutidos, crema de leche, manteca, margarinas, achuras, etc), y priorizar aquellas de origen vegetal (frutos secos, palta, aceitunas, aceites, semillas, legumbres). De todos modos, recuerda que sean de origen vegetal o animal, las grasas deben ser consumidas con moderación.
2- Modera el consumo de sodio
El sodio es la parte de la sal de mesa o sal común (cloruro de sodio) que que está vinculado a la Hipertensión Arterial y ECV. Al contrario de lo que se cree popularmente, la sal de mesa es la menos responsable en cuanto al aporte de sodio que ingerimos durante el día, ya que si prestamos atención podemos medir la cantidad que utilizamos. Pero el sodio se encuentra “oculto” en muchísimos alimentos procesados que consumimos habitualmente (panes, quesos, mermeladas, galletas dulces y saladas, caldos y sopas comerciales, productos enlatados, tortas, golosinas, gaseosas, embutidos, aderezos, etc).
Lo recomendable es limitar el consumo de estos alimentos, controlar la ingesta de sal o reemplazarla por una sal reducida en sodio, y elegir productos cuyas etiquetas declaren no contener sodio/sal o ser reducidos en éstos. También es importante crear el hábito de agregar la sal en la comida ya servida, y no durante su preparación.
3- Realiza ejercicio físico regularmente
Muchos estudios han demostrado que el ejercicio físico, reduce el riesgo de sufrir un ataque cardíaco o cerebral, reduce el colesterol LDL, aumenta los niveles de colesterol HDL, normaliza la glucemia, reduce la presión arterial y aumenta la flexibilidad de las arterias. Además reduce el estrés mental.
Actualmente la OMS recomienda realizar un mínimo de 150 minutos semanales de ejercicio.
Éste debe ser acorde a la condición física, edad y necesidades de la persona, siendo importante hacer un chequeo médico previo, sobretodo, si se ha estado mucho tiempo sin practicar ninguna actividad, o si se tiene un estilo de vida sedentario.
4- Evita el cigarrillo y el consumo excesivo de alcohol
El alcohol disminuye la frecuencia respiratoria, la frecuencia cardíaca, puede contribuir a la obesidad, a elevar los niveles de triglicéridos y la presión arterial, causar insuficiencia cardíaca y contribuir a un ataque cerebral. Un consumo seguro de alcohol corresponde a no más de una copa por día para la mujer, y dos copas para el hombre, dependiendo de la graduación alcohólica de la bebida.
El hábito de fumar, por otro lado, favorece la formación de trombos, que a su vez pueden producir infartos en la zona cerebral, o en el miocardio. También, el tabaco, por distintos mecanismos no del todo dilucidados, acelera la ateroesclerosis.
La buena noticia es que independientemente del tiempo que una persona haya fumado y la cantidad de cigarrillos consumidos, si deja de fumar puede reducir el riesgo de sufrir un ataque cardíaco.
5- Relajate y descansa a diario
Es fundamental tomarse un momento del día para el esparcimiento y/o descanso. Además de garantizar un buen sueño durante la noche (ideal 8 hs), reservar un momento del día para practicar técnicas de relajación, meditación, Yoga, Tai Chi, etc, tiene incontables beneficios, no solo para el corazón sino para el organismo en general.
Numerosas investigaciones científicas han comprobado los efectos positivos de la meditación sobre la presión arterial, los vasos sanguíneos y arterias coronarias.
6- Realiza controles médicos periódicos
Esto es fundamental para la prevención y detección temprana de alguna alteración, especialmente si se tiene factores de riesgo (Sobrepeso, Diabetes, Sedentarismo, Hábito de fumar, etc)
Por más pequeño que nos parezca el cambio de hábito que podemos hacer, la sumatoria de muchos pequeños cambios, se traduce en un gran impacto positivo para la salud cardiovascular y general.
Silvana S. Caglieri
Lic. en Nutrición
MP 2240
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